Benjamin Disraeli Biography of the British Statesman

Benjamin Disraeli was a British statesman who served as prime minister yet always remained something of an outsider and an upstart in British society. He actually first gained fame as a writer of novels. Despite his middle-class roots, Disraeli aspired to become the leader of Britains Conservative Party, which was dominated by wealthy landowners. Disraeli described his ascent in British politics memorably. After becoming prime minister for the first time in 1868 he remarked, I have climbed to the top of the greasy pole. Early Life of  Benjamin Disraeli Benjamin Disraeli was born on December 21, 1804 to a Jewish family with roots in Italy and the Middle East. When he was 12, Disraeli was baptized into the Church of England. Disraelis family lived in a fashionable section of London and he attended good schools. On his fathers advice, he took steps to begin a career in the law but became fascinated by the idea of being a writer. After trying and failing to launch a newspaper, Disraeli gained a literary reputation with his first novel, Vivian Grey, in 1826. The book was the tale of a young man who aspires to succeed in society but encounters misery. As a young man, Disraeli attracted notice for his flamboyant dress and manners, and he was something of a character on the London social scene. Disraeli Entered Politics in the 1830s After three unsuccessful attempts to win election to Parliament, Disraeli finally succeeded in 1837. Disraeli gravitated toward the Conservative Party, which was dominated by the wealthy land-owning class. Despite his reputation as a wit and a writer, Disraelis first speech in the House of Commons was a disaster. A dispatch carried across the Atlantic by packet ship and published in American newspapers in January 1838 mentioned the novelist made his debut in the House and a most dreadful failure it was by all accounts. He rambled from subject to subject, talked an immortal deal of nonsense, and kept the House in a roar of laughter, not with him but at him. In his own political party, Disraeli was an outsider and was often looked down upon as he had a reputation for being ambitious and eccentric. He was also criticized for having an affair with a married woman, and for having debts from bad business investments. In 1838 Disraeli married a wealthy widow and purchased a country estate. He was, of course, criticized for marrying into money, and with his typical wit he made a joke, remarking, I may commit many follies in my life, but I never intend to marry for love. Career in Parliament When the Conservative Party took power in 1841 and its leader, Robert Peel, became Prime Minister, Disraeli hoped to receive a cabinet position. He was passed over but learned to maneuver successfully in British politics. And he eventually came to mock Peel while raising his own political profile. In the mid-1840s, Disraeli surprised his conservative brethren when he published a novel, Sybil, which expressed sympathy for workers who were being exploited in British factories. In 1851 Disraeli gained his coveted cabinet post when he was named chancellor of the Exchequer, the British governments top financial post. Disraeli Served as British Prime Minister In early 1868 Disraeli became prime minister, ascending to the top of the British government when the prime minister, Lord Derby, became too ill to hold office. Disraelis term was brief as a new election voted out the Conservative Party at the end of the year. Disraeli and the Conservatives were in opposition while William Ewart Gladstone served as prime minister in the early 1870s. In the election of 1874 Disraeli and the Conservative regained power, and Disraeli served as prime minister until 1880, when Gladstones party prevailed and Gladstone again became prime minister. Disraeli and Gladstone were at times bitter rivals, and it is remarkable to note how the position of prime minister was held by one or the other for roughly two decades: Disraeli: February 1868 - December 1868Gladstone: December 1868 - February 1874Disraeli: February 1874 - April 1880Gladstone: April 1880 - June 1885 Friendly Relationship With Queen Victoria Queen Victoria took a liking to Disraeli, and Disraeli, for his part, knew how to flatter and accommodate the queen. Their relationship was generally very friendly, a sharp contrast to Victorias relationship with Gladstone, whom she detested. Disraeli developed the habit of writing letters to Victoria describing political events in novelistic terms. The queen greatly appreciated the letters, telling someone she had never had such letters in her life. Victoria had published a book, Leaves From a Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, and Disraeli wrote to compliment it. He would later flatter the queen by occasionally prefacing remarks with, We authors, Maam... Disraelis Administration Made Its Mark in Foreign Affairs During his second term as prime minister, Disraeli seized the chance to buy a controlling interest in the Suez Canal. And he generally stood for an expansive and imperial foreign policy, which tended to be popular at home. Disraeli also convinced Parliament to bestow the title Empress of India upon Queen Victoria, which pleased the queen greatly, as she was fascinated by The Raj. In 1876, Victoria bestowed upon the Disraeli the title of Lord Beaconsfield, which meant he could move from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. Disraeli continued to serve as prime minister until 1880, when an election returned the Liberal Party, and its leader, Gladstone, to power. Depressed and disheartened by the electoral defeat, Disraeli took ill and died April 19, 1881. Queen Victoria, it was reported, was heartbroken at the news.

Community Assessment And Its Impact On The Community

Anderson and McFarlane (2004) defined community assessment as a process; it is the act of becoming acquainted with a community (p.169). Community Assessment is similar to a physical assessment of a person because one has to review the history, examine all areas thoroughly, and report problem areas encountered. The community I assessed was Little Haiti. During the assessment, I was able to participate in various activities that helped transition into the community. The main method used in learning about the neighbororhood was observation. Observing the community gave me the opportunity to examine the area from the perspective of an outsider. There were times when I was able to see the city from an insider’s perspective. During the 1970’s, the socio-economic conditions in Haiti deteriorated with widespread corruption, an increasingly repressive state, inadequate basic social and economic infrastructure and a total neglect of the peasant population†¦. This gave rise to a mass exodus consisting primarily of poor peasants and urban dwellers that became known as the â€Å"Haitian Boat People.† Haitians fled deteriorating conditions in Haiti and traveled by boat to the Bahamas and Florida in hope of a better life. While some reunited with family members living in other U.S. regions, the great majority remained in Florida†¦. 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Presidential Outline of Andrew Jackson free essay sample

President Van Buren didn’t receive much education as a child. His parents were Dutch and spoke fluent Dutch. His father, Abraham, owned a tavern. In the tavern, Van Buren spent much of his childhood observing, studying, and listening to the political arguments there, giving him some experience. His formal education ended at the age of 14. B. At the stunning age of 13, President Jackson entered the army in the American Revolution. This ended his childhood and unfortunately wiped out his whole family. He became very skilled as a solder in the Revolution. After he was done serving in the military, he also became a U. S. congressman, U. S. state senator, and he was also the U. S. governor with Florida. After he retired from being president, he became a farmer. IV. Opponents in Election C. 1828 1. Democrat – Andrew Jackson 2. National Republican – John Quincy Adams * This presidential election gave voters two more divisions of political parties to choose from. The Maysville Road Bill was brought into consideration which stated that the federal government should purchase stock in areas like Maysville, Washington, Paris, Lexington, Ohio, etc. Congress passed this bill, but it was further vetoed by President Jackson. H. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) – This was a case under the Supreme Court in which they vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and also held a Georgia statute that prohibited non Native Americans to from being present on Indiana lands. John Marshall was chief justice at the time. This case was famous because of the results of the friendship between the US and Native Americans afterwards. I. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification (1832) – As United States started to become more and more industrialized, they soon passed a highly protective tariff that infuriated the Southern States, South Carolina in particular. They felt that it benefitted the North and destroyed the South. This tariff benefitted American producers of cloth. It also shrunk demand for southern cotton, making the southerners upset as well. J. Veto of Bill to recharter the Second Bank of U. S. 1832) – In July of 1832, President Jackson vetoed a major bill that would have renewed the corporate charter of the Second Bank of the United States. This was one of the most definitive acts in his presidency. The Second Bank of the U. S. was created as a result from the War of 1812, yet it has been very controversial ever since it was made. K. Compromise Tariff (1833) – This tariff was proposed by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun as a resolution to the SC Nullification crisis. This act stated that important taxes would be gradually cut over the next decade until the levels of the 1816 tariff reached 20%. These reductions only lasted a small two months. L. Force Act (1833) – This act came about because of South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification in1832. This act also empowered President Andrew Jackson to use military forces such as the army and navy, if it was necessary, to enforce acts on Congress. Even though it did that, it mainly enforced tariff measures that South Carolina has objected in the Ordinance of Nullification. M. Beginning of the Second Seminole War (1835) – This war was also called the Florida war. This conflict began in 1835 and lasted until 1842 between various groups of Native Americans in Florida cause a series of conflicts. They called them Seminoles, hence the name of the war itself. It was the most expensive war fought by the United States at that time. N. Beginning of Texas War for independence (1836) – This was a military conflict between the government of Mexico and Texas. This conflict resulted in an establishment of a Texas Republic after the final battle of this war/revolution. Texas was originally a part of Mexico and wanted to break away, so they had to fight for the separation just like the U. S. did with Britain. O. Battle of the Alamo (1836) – This was the first major battle of the Texas independence war. The Mexican’s leader was General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, who was a former president in Mexico. The Americans and Mexicans fought and eventually the Mexicans won the battle easily. P. Specie Circular (1836) – This was an executive order from President Jackson stating and requiring that payment for the purchase of public lands will be made exclusively in gold or silver. This eventually led to the Panic of 1837 due to the large influx of paper money, etc. Q. Battle of Sam Jacinto (1836) – This battle was the birthplace of Texas liberty. American general, Sam Houston, took his pioneers and attacked at Santa Ana and his Mexican troops once again. The battle lasted only twenty minutes. It was short, yet memorable. The Texans majorly defeated the Mexicans in this battle, with only 9 Texans dying total. R. Arkansas enters the Union (1836) – Arkansas entered the Union as a slave state in June of 1836. It was the twenty-fifth state to enter the Union. The purpose of this state being added was to equal the balance of power between free states and slaves state. S. Michigan enters the Union (1836) – On the same day as Arkansas, Michigan entered the Union as well. Unlike Arkansas, Michigan entered the Union as a free state instead of a salve state. Michigan was the twenty-sixth state. T. Charles River Bridge v. Warren River Bridge (1837) VII. Major Social Movements or Events U. Webster-Haynes Debate (1830) – This was a famous debate in the United States between the Senator Daniel Webster and the Senator Robert Y. Haynes. The general topic of their powerful debate was the topic of protectionist tariffs. Webster’s second attack directed to Haynes was the most powerful, and was even paraphrased by future president Lincoln in his Gettysburg address. V. Nat Turner Rebellion (1831) – This was a major slave rebellion that took place in Southern Virginia. The rebellion was led by Nat Turner, and he led many rebel slaves who murdered over 50 white men. The rebellion only lasted a few days, but it had a huge impact on future decisions and beliefs about slavery. W. Black Hawk war (1831) – This was a brief conflict in 1831 between the United States and the Native Americans. This war got its name from the Native American leader, Black Hawk. It began when certain groups of Native Americans crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois. X. First issue of the Liberator published (1831) The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper that was made by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. He published the Liberator weekly. He set a national tone by these papers, and continued writing them for about 35 years after he published the first issue. Y. Samuel Francis Smith writes â€Å"America† (1832) Samuel Francis Smith was most famous for writing and composing a popular patriot song, â€Å"My Country Tis of Thee†. At the time he called his song â€Å"America†. He was given much praise for it back then, and still does today. Z. Jackson’s Proclamation in response to S. C. (1832) – In December, President Jackson issued this proclamation. In his proclamation, he stated that the states are forbidden form nullifying federal laws. He also addressed throughout the entire speech that he believed in the federal government and that it was the supreme power in the US rather than state powers. [. New York Herald begins publication (1835) – The New York Herald was a huge distribution newspaper with its headquarters in New York City. The first issue of this collection of paper was made by James Gordon Bennett, Sr. in May. These papers lasted until 1945. VIII. Major Technological Events \. Cyrus McCormick invents the reaper (1834) – McCormick introduced this new invention to his workers that worked hard, gruesome, hours. The reaper was a horse drawn farm tool to cut down small crops. It also replaced the manual cutting of the crops with sickles, knives, etc. It was a useful invention to many laborers. ]. Samuel Colt patents the revolver (1835) – Samuel Colt was an American inventor and an industrialist. He was the founder of a business called Colt’s Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company. In that business he made mass productions of the revolver. The revolver was a certain type of gun used for wars, hunting, etc. ^. John Deere invents the steel tipped slow (1837) – John Deere was an Illinois blacksmith and manufacturer. In 1837 he designed the first steel tipped plow. It was used to assist the Great Plain farmers. It was made for cutting through tough prairie grounds. IX. Major Conflict _. Texas war for independence – Texas was owned by many different people. It was owned by the French and also owned by Spanish at one point. At this point in time, though, it was owned by Mexico. Texas wanted to fully be a part of America. There was history being made and a lot of expansion and different states that keep adding to the Union. Other factors came into play, but things really set them off. Just like we had to fight the British for independence, they had to fight Mexico. There were a series of battles in this war for independence, and eventually Texas officially became part of the Union. X. Presidential Evaluation `. What were the goals and objectives of the President when he came to office? How successful was he in accomplishing these goals? President Andrew Jackson and his administration had several goals. One of them was to continue expanding the western expansion in the United States. He also wanted to take the government out of the banking business, support family farmers and other people in the lower class, and also to keep the federal government from being too active. He was quite successful in most of these goals. Jackson had many goals and these were just the major goal and objectives he had for his country. . Who influenced the President in decision-making? Why were these people influential? How did they contribute to the decisions he made? President Jackson had a few people help him throughout the way. He first trusted and used his administration and cabinet for back-up and more help. Both of his parents died at a young age, along with all of his brothers as well, so they gave him a sense of moral support with all of his tough decisions as President in spirit. Also his two vice presidents were big influences of Andrew Jackson. b. Describe the President’s leadership style Andrew Jackson was a tremendous general in creating American control in the south/southeast. Jackson also helped capture Florida from Spain, and other things when his career revolved around the military. He definitely showed leadership in the military area, and had a lot of knowledge about the military while he was President. As president he paid off the national debt, conducted an effective foreign policy, expanded the powers of the presidency, and fought the most powerful and corrupt financial interest of his day c. What would you include as to this President’s successes in office? President Andrew Jackson was very successful during his presidency in the amount of things that were accomplished and what goals and objectives he actually did accomplish as well. When Jackson was president, he added new states to the Union, he paid off a lot of the national debt in the U. S. , expanded presidential powers and duties, and he also managed to discard the tensions in South Carolina with their Ordinance of Nullification. He was one of the first President’s that was active in the frontier of the United States. d. What would you list as failures for this President’s administration? It’s said that President Andrew Jackson had many successes inside and outside of office, but he was not perfect. He had flaws. First of all, he paid off most of the national debt, but he shut down the Second Bank. That caused a small depression in the economy and it later caused the Panic of 1837 after Jackson left office, causing many people grief. Many people also gave him a really hard time since he had some of the blame. He also made some bad choices when he chose his cabinet in his first term. e. In what areas did this President either continue or break with policies introduced by previous Presidents? Andrew Jackson kept quite a few of the policies created and enforced by presidents before Jackson. He mostly kept all of the policies except for one. He did not agree with a ridiculously strong federal government unlike many and also strongly disagreed with the Second Bank of the Unites States. He disliked it so much that he got rid of it. Basically Jackson stayed pretty faithful with the path left behind him, but had several different opinions and different choices. f. In what ways did this President influence decisions made by future Presidents? Jackson was not the biggest role model by future presidents. He had many events in his presidency, but not many people remember him for what he did to our country. He definitely set an example for us to follow, but many may not know what he did or if he was a good president or not. g. Without looking at lists created by historians, how would you rate this President on a scale from 1 to 10? (With ten being the highest. ) Briefly explain why you chose this rating. In my opinion, I would rate President Andrew Jackson as 6 out of 10. He did many admirable things for the American people that benefitted them. He completely wiped out the national debt, expanded the union, etc. Andrew Jackson was the first president elected by a majority of the popular vote. He did manage to avoid the simmering of possible secession with a strong central government. Despite these good things that have happened to him, he had weaknesses, and the weaknesses were pretty big. By killing the Second Bank of the United States, he brought the Panic of 1837 along with him. Also, no president wants a war in their term, and he did. He actually had quite a few. He definitely had more successes than failures in quantity so 6 out of 10 seem like an ideal score for Mr. Jackson.

The Opening Sequince of Witness by Peter Weir Essay Example

The Opening Sequince of Witness by Peter Weir Essay â€Å"Witness† is an American film made in 1985 produced by Australian film maker Peter Weir; he has successfully conveyed many themes, issues and concepts in this film. The opening scene of the film â€Å"Witness† establishes many features of the film. These features include the camera shots, camera angles, light, sound, and dialogue, positioning of characters and setting. The opening scene is significant as it examines the concepts of ; how the peaceful Amish communities are marginalised and isolated from the modern world; the sense of unity and affinity the Amish culture have with the land; and the contrast between the two different worlds of the slow paced and peaceful life style of the Amish and the fast paced, materialistic, hectic lifestyle of the modern world. In the peaceful Amish community, the examination of marginalisation and isolation from the modern world in which they co- exist is examined. The Amish culture differ from modern day culture dramatically as they are virtually fundamentalists and live very simply and do not have any material goods as we do. The Amish people reject modern conveniences such as cars,, television, electricity and the telephone, living self sufficiently from the land working together to make everyday necessities such as their simple clothing, food, furniture and housing. Weir shows the audience that the alternate lifestyle of the Amish is not â€Å"weird†, but strangely enlightened. The terms isolated and marginalised are often used to describe the social process of becoming or being alienated from the society around them. When placed into the society in which they are marginalised the ideas, values, habits to which these individual Amish members are accustomed are challenged or contradicted by the ideas, values and customs of the modern day group or community they enter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Opening Sequince of Witness by Peter Weir specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Opening Sequince of Witness by Peter Weir specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Opening Sequince of Witness by Peter Weir specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the film Witness Peter Weir has created two different worlds with different value systems. The close up shot of individual Amish faces in the cramped room at the funeral creates a sense of close community, but also highlights the fact that they are confined from the outside world. Culture is also evident as the mysterious German language in which they speak represents a religious tradition, confinement and isolation from the English spoken society around them. The Amish widow Rachel Lapp is taking her young son Samuel to Philadelphia for the first time, to stay with her sister whilst she morns and recovers the loss of her husband; The long shot of the Samuel at the train station, trying to work out how the bubblers works, highlights his fragile and innocent personality, it emphasize the differences of the two worlds due to the isolation and marginalisation of the Amish community. The mid shot of Rachel trying to perchance a train ticket when another person pushes her out of the frame suggests that the different worlds can’t work together and that there are existing conflicts between the Amish and people modern world, it implies that the modern world has rejected her and her culture, creating a sense of isolation and marginalisation. The examination of the contrast between the two worlds of the slow paced and peaceful life style of the Amish and the fast paced, hectic lifestyle of the modern world is shown through the collision of two worlds; the idealistic world of the Amish comes into conflict with the ugly main culture of the modern world. The camera is set at Samuels head height showing the fast paced movements of the passing modern society and its people. At the start of the movie, before the murder scene, we see Samuel exploring around the train station, walking slowly in indifference to everyone else who are rushing about to be places. This reinforces the concept that the Amish community live a simplistic slow paced lifestyle. The slow paced opening credits relate to the Amish world as they are black and white, this echo’s the values and the slow pace of the Amish culture. The close up of the wheels on the Horse and buggy highlights the Amish’s pre-modern form of transport, The shot of the Horse and buggy which moves to long shot of a semi trailer following close behind, juxtaposes the difference between Amish and the modern American world, it highlights the difference in pace, in which the individuals feel they have to move. After close analysis, Peter Weir’s â€Å"Witness† successfully portray fascinating ideas to the audience. The idea of their unity and affinity with the land is suggested. Through the opening scene the sense of unity and the peaceful nature of the Amish community is examined through the wide shot of long, luscious grass, with the Amish emerging from as if they’re from the land itself. This shot is accompanied by natural abundant lighting, again suggesting there natural ifestyle and highlighting the gentle nature of the people thus establishing the Amish effectively as peaceful people who are in harmony with nature. Weir uses the techniques of the long shot in the opening scene where human figures walking together, whilst only seeing half of their body as if they are coming from the earth, the next shot of the close up of the human figures clearly demonstrating that they are Amish people, with this angle shot Weir has demonstrated the unity of the Amish community a s they walk as one together with the earth. Throughout this film Weir has clearly presented the concepts of,; how the peaceful Amish communities are marginalised and isolated from the modern world; the sense of unity and affinity the Amish culture have with the land; and the contrast between the two different worlds of the slow paced and peaceful life style of the Amish and the fast paced, materialistic, hectic lifestyle of the modern world.

Good Political Science Research Paper Topics

Good Political Science Research Paper Topics What is a Political Science Research Paper? The purpose of a research paper is answering some type of question, particularly one that requires putting forth new knowledge or solving a practical problem. Research papers present topics based on investigation and focus on substantial arguments. Therefore, a political science research paper answers questions or solves problems about political science topics. Political science is also concerned with social science, as well as political theory, practice, systems, and trends. The political science research paper should consist of an in-depth analysis of a political subject. The type of research you embark upon depends on the type of research question you need to answer, as well as what relevant information, evidence, and data are available for research. Types of Political Science Research Topics Good political science research topics aim at analyzing important contributions to political science, as well as policy knowledge and test topics such as historical American politics (relating to local, state, and federal events), government policy (relating to healthcare, immigration, infrastructure, etc.), comparative politics (relating to comparisons between different governments), or theoretical or empirical subjects (relating to pacifism, utopianism, libertarianism, etc.). Choosing a Topic Political science deals with political systems and characteristics pertaining to states and their constituting elements, economies of a state, and the state’s responsibilities. So, there are numerous topics to write about. When deciding on a Political Science research paper topic, do not choose too broad of a topic; choose a narrow topic and be specific. For instance, instead of choosing to write on â€Å"Global Warming,† you could change that to â€Å"Ways to Halt Global Warming†. Additionally, when choosing a topic, it is best to choose a current topic. However, if you choose a classic topic, such as Foreign Policy, be sure to make it interesting and offer some new insight into the subject. However, no matter what topic you choose, it is best that you choose something that you are interested in. Other suggested political science research topics include: Marxism vs. Capitalism The Role of the State Historical Events The Electoral Process Foreign Policy National Security Education Policy Tax Policy Environmental Policy Globalization Reproductive Rights Any current political event Political science is not an easy subject; it is very broad and complex and is based on social sciences which influence people’s lives. Political science has practical and theoretical implications and it has been studied since ancient times, but codified in the 19th century.

Free Essays on McDonalds

Does McDonald’s offer a model which other businesses should follow? At first, most people must have laughed at the idea of a chain of restaurants selling identical products all over the country, but little did they know that the genius idea that they had mocked would go on to revolutionise the business environment of the future. McDonald’s is now the international market leader for fast food, and has been ever since its pioneering first restaurant was launched in San Bernardino, California in 1948. Historical Background The original founders of McDonald’s, and the fast-food concept, were brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. In 1948, they modified their drive-in restaurant, creating the standard for the contemporary fast-food restaurant of modern times. From the introduction of a limited menu of just nine items, and by focusing on efficient production and service, the brothers were able to halve the price of their hamburgers to 15 cents. Ray Kroc, who, at this time was a 52-year-old! milkshake machine salesman, heard of the brothers’ generation of around $350,000 in annual revenues, and instantly became convinced that its concept could work in other cities. Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by the McDonald brothers, and opened his first restaurant the following year in Des Plaines, Illinois. In 1961, Kroc bought all the rights to the McDonald’s concept from the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million. Kroc was somewhat of an obsessive individual, fixated with rules, regulations, procedures, and obedience to his strict rules of discipline. Kroc was especially concerned with maintaining McDonald's clean image, as well as that of life in general, and could regularly be seen picking up litter outside of his restaurants in order to maintain the high standard of cleanliness upon which many of his principles were based. During the 1960s, McDonald’s invested a great deal of capital into advertising and marketing campaigns. In 1962, ... Free Essays on McDonalds Free Essays on McDonalds Does McDonald’s offer a model which other businesses should follow? At first, most people must have laughed at the idea of a chain of restaurants selling identical products all over the country, but little did they know that the genius idea that they had mocked would go on to revolutionise the business environment of the future. McDonald’s is now the international market leader for fast food, and has been ever since its pioneering first restaurant was launched in San Bernardino, California in 1948. Historical Background The original founders of McDonald’s, and the fast-food concept, were brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. In 1948, they modified their drive-in restaurant, creating the standard for the contemporary fast-food restaurant of modern times. From the introduction of a limited menu of just nine items, and by focusing on efficient production and service, the brothers were able to halve the price of their hamburgers to 15 cents. Ray Kroc, who, at this time was a 52-year-old! milkshake machine salesman, heard of the brothers’ generation of around $350,000 in annual revenues, and instantly became convinced that its concept could work in other cities. Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by the McDonald brothers, and opened his first restaurant the following year in Des Plaines, Illinois. In 1961, Kroc bought all the rights to the McDonald’s concept from the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million. Kroc was somewhat of an obsessive individual, fixated with rules, regulations, procedures, and obedience to his strict rules of discipline. Kroc was especially concerned with maintaining McDonald's clean image, as well as that of life in general, and could regularly be seen picking up litter outside of his restaurants in order to maintain the high standard of cleanliness upon which many of his principles were based. During the 1960s, McDonald’s invested a great deal of capital into advertising and marketing campaigns. In 1962, ... Free Essays on McDonalds Catering to customers had always been the company’s focal point, but to meet changing and divergent customer needs, McDonald’s was exploring many different options, and management thought a basic question had to be answered. Would the chain’s new concern with flexibility in meeting customers’ changing needs require a fundamental change in McDonald’s bedrock strategy? or was this just a new, albeit incredibly complicated, situation once again adaptable to the company’s traditional approach? Early responses to new customer desire and intensifying competition represented just a piece of the company’s maelstrom of creative activity. Further efforts were in progress as well. 4. Why did McDonald’s undertake its collaboration? How should McDonald’s proceed next? Consumers have been changing. They are worried about the effects the products or its package might have on the environment. While this awareness is growing up, a new cha llenge had been approached: protecting the environment. While many companies had seen the outbreak of environmentalism in the late 1980’s as a threat, McDonald’s saw an opportunity: the chance of knitting a responsible environmental policy into its evolving operations strategy. McDonald’s take Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as a new partner. They engaged EDF to help address environmental concerns, one aspect of increasingly complex situation in which the company now found itself. For the private corporation of McDonald’s stature to collaborate with an environmental organization entailed significant risk and required willingness, by both parties, to consider new ways of thinking about operation practices. The partnership turned out to be a success, generating advances in area beyond waste reduction. McDonald’s had announced its McRecycle USA. Program. They achieve to improve functionality of package, reduce waste and volume of boxes. Moreover less pollution was handled. McDonald’s did fact...

Free writing journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Free writing journal - Essay Example She was trapped within the bars that her husband set up for her. Her husband didn’t want her to be creative because it will make her question him. And he can’t afford that because of his stature as a doctor. Her husband doctor was the stereotypical doctor, controlled, firm and practical. And he didn’t like the imagination of his wife because it made her a non-traditional wife. Both the protagonist and the woman in the wallpaper symbolized the restrictions placed on women during Gilman’s time. It was not easy to have lived in the time when women were treated as second class citizens. It was like being born a woman is a curse because you won’t be able to do anything but serve and follow your husband’s wishes. Gilman’s protagonist was not the typical woman. The Yellow Wallpaper taught us that a woman’s strength is her creativity and imagination, to the point that men would think she’s crazy. Men inhibit her creativity and imagination because they are scared that she might take away his throne and his crown. This was actually the triumphant moment at the end of the story when the woman declared that she was out of the wallpaper. This showed us that women are continuously fighting for their rights, and soon they will be jumping out of the wallpaper and become the centerpieces of the room. They will catch all the attent ion that was deprived of her when she was set

Integration of marketing communications has been a hot topic for the Essay - 1

Integration of marketing communications has been a hot topic for the past 25 years - Essay Example ntrast to views of IMC as nothing other than an inconsequential fad whose popularity is predicated on media hype rather than on its realised, or potential, contribution to marketing communications. Focusing on this debate, this research will begin by defining IMC, following from which it will critically analyse both sides of the issue, ultimately arguing for the long-term value and importance of IMC. â€Å"Integrated communications are like a band. The different communications instruments - advertising, public relations, database marketing, media specialists, sponsorship, interactive, event marketing and the rest - are like different musical instruments: piano, trumpet, trombone, violin, clarinet, percussion and the rest† (Fletcher, 1998, p. 22). Other terms that have been used to describe IMC are â€Å"one-stop shopping,† â€Å"orchestration,† â€Å"seamless communication,† â€Å"whole egg,† and â€Å"the new advertising† (Duncan & Everett, 1993, p. 30). These terms signify the integration of specialized communications functions that previously have operated with various degrees of autonomy. Duncan and Everett argue that the basic concept of IMC is synergy, in which the individual efforts are mutually reinforcing with the resulting effect being greater than if each functional area had selected its own targets, chosen its own message strategy, and set its own media schedule and timing (Duncan & Everett, 1993). Proceeding from the stated, Duncan and Everett (1993) define IMC as â€Å"the strategic coordination of all messages and media used by an organisation to influence its perceived brand value† (p. 35). In comparison, Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn (1993) define IMC as  "a new way of looking at the whole, where once we only saw parts such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, purchasing, employee communications, and so forth. Its realigning communications to look at it the way the customer sees it - as a flow of information from

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Example for Free

Critical Issues in Learning Essay Processes of learning and the transfer of learning are critical to realize how human beings develop their competencies. Learning is critical as nobody is born with a capability to perform aptly as an adult in society. More importantly, it is necessary to understand the types of learning experiences and critical issues involve within that lead to transfer. Transfer is a capability to extend the knowledge that has been acquired in one context to other context. Educators say that students transfer their learning from one problem to other during a course, from one class in school to other class, between educational institutions and their homes, and from educational institutions to workplaces. Such assumptions regarding transfer of learning involves the belief that it is good to widely educate people despite just â€Å"train† them to conduct specific jobs. (Campbell, et. al. , 2007) Measures of transfer of learning have significance in assessing the level of people’s learning capabilities and experiences. Different types of learning experiences often appear to be same when they are examined by just focusing on remembering (remembering is defined as a quality to repeat the knowledge that has been acquired earlier), but the same experiences look different when transfer tests are conducted. Here are some of the major issues of learning and transfer that have significance in education: †¢ Initial learning is very essential for transfer. A very good amount of knowledge is known about the types of learning experiences that help transfer. †¢ Information that is excessively contextualized will reduce transfer; if the knowledge is presented in the form of â€Å"abstractâ€Å", it can enhance transfer. †¢ All new learning has transfer that is based on earlier learning; this thing is very important while designing instructions to help students in learning. ? 1. REFERENCES 1. Campbell, J. P. , Oblinger, D. G. , Chang, W. C. , Craig, E. M. , Diaz, V. , Fowler, S. B. , Kinley, E. , Little, J. K. , Molholt, P. , Siddall, S. E. , Trinkle, D. A. , 2007. Top-Ten Teaching and Learning Issues, 2007. Educause Quarterly. Viewed on 16 July 2010, Retrieved from: http://www. educause. edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/TopTenTeachingandLearningIssue/161828

Free Awakening Essays: An Analysis of The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

An Analysis of The Awakening  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing I would like to do is go through and pick out the chapters I found to be significant in the novel. Chapter 1: *there is symbolism of a well trained â€Å"caged† bird, (like we read in the hypertext) which represents what wives were to be in Edna’s lifetime *well trained *speaks of pleasantries *begins with Summer a time of beauty, fullness and fruition *Grand Isle *vacation from New Orleans life (imprisonment) *ends at Summer after 1 yr *this vacation follows Edna back to New Orleans where she gradually begins to see how trapped she really is *it is after this vacation that Edna begins to â€Å"awake† Chapter 2: *Edna was from Kentucky and married a Creole *this is a conflict in religion *she is Presbetyrian and he’s Catholic *this presents a problem for Edna for she has to live a Catholic life style Chapter 3: *we first see here the marital problems that M&M Pontellier have *the ideals of what Mr. Pontellier expects of Edna *looking after the children was very important *marital state: bored, unlively, becomes more depressing on her *impt: Edna’ s breakdown, her crying Chapter 4: *Adele, the perfect woman *embodies all the qualities of what a woman-mother should be *she’s been married 7 yrs and has a child about every 2 yrs, again fullfilling her womanly and motherly duties. *her identity seems to be consumed by having children and her current â€Å"state† Chapter 7: *this chapter we see Edna begin to slip away, she doesn’t pay as much attention to things *daydreaming/ Adele asks her a question and Edna is not with her Chapter 10: *Edna learns to SWIM!!!!!!! very impt. *she gains control of her body *the sea becomes her friend, close, intimate, sensuous Chapter 11: *this section we see a bit of Edna’s rebellious nature *her husband commands her and Edna says â€Å"NO!† Chapter 17: *we see yet another confrontation between M&M Pontellier, more marital problems *I think we also begin to see ore hatred and violence under the surface of her husband *we also see another problem, Tuesday was to be the â€Å"calling† day and Edna wasn’t prepared for the callers, she realizes that she no longer cares to do the things that her husband wants her to Chapter 24: *Edna’s father comes for a visit *he also portrays that the females should submit to the males *males are dominant?

Slave Conspiracy of 1741

Tension had always existed between the whites and the blacks even before the slave conspiracy of 1741. This tension was not purely racial but was also economic in nature. Most slaves in order to survive offered their labor for a very small amount and engaged in the same trade as their masters. This tension was at its peak in early part of the 17th Century when there was 1 slave for every four white. As a result, thousands of whites were displaced from their employment and suffered poverty. Because of the cheap services they offered, the black slaves failed in their competition against the white. Because of these tensions and the fear that someday these slaves will lead an uprising against the whites, laws were passed against them. The movements were restricted. They were severely punished for every commission of an offense, even if it was a minor infraction. They were mistreated and were given little or no rights at all. Perhaps because of the oppression they experienced, in April 1712, two dozen slaves burned buildings in New York and used guns, axes and swords to attack those who tried to put out the blaze. The slaves killed or wounded twenty whites before the police arrested them. More than twenty slaves were tried for treason and murder. Harsh penalty was imposed against those who found guilty. They were either hanged or burned. In 1741, the whites were weary that the 1712 event will happen again. The times were hard for the whites but it was worse for the black slaves. Tension was felt such that a mere hint of unrest had the effect of creating panic among the whites for fear of slave rebellion. The slave revolt which had happened in neighboring countries such as South Carolina and Caribbean added to this tension. â€Å"New York Slave Insurrection of 1741†) II. The so-called Slave Conspiracy of 1741 In Feb 1741, there was an isolated case of burglary in New York committed by a black slave named Caesar. This case of burglary was later on connected with a series of mysterious fire that will eventually be blamed against the slaves. The first of this series of fire started in March 1741 when the house of a lieutenant governor was ravaged by fire. Initially the lieutenant declared that the cause of the fire was due to a plumber who used live coals while repairing a gutter in his house. John V. Morris) Several days after a series of fires happened in New York. Though the cause of the fire was explained by the owners of these houses, rumors spread quickly that the slaves are plotting against them and that they want to overthrow the government. The suspicion that a conspiracy was being hatched by the slaves increased as the cases of fires grew in number. In April, a series of fires broke out once more. This time, a black man was seen running away from the scene. A white man wary of a slave uprising tried to catch him and yelled that â€Å"The Negroes are rising! The slave was eventually caught and tried. Now there seemed to be evidence which proves that the fires are not accidental and that it is intentionally being done by slaves. At this point, concerned about the rumors of a slave uprising, the city council ordered an intense investigation on this matter. Though nothing concrete was found, the investigation conducted merely made the situation worse and intensified the rumors about a slave conspiracy. Before these occurrences, Caesar, the person who committed the burglary in February of 1741 was eventually arrested in the tavern of Hughson. Hughson was immediately suspected of receiving stolen goods. Initially, the accusation against him was limited to the purchase of stolen items. But the investigators discovered Mary Burton, the indentured slave of Hughson who claimed to know something about the robbery but was initially reluctant to testify against him saying that: â€Å"I'll be murdered or poisoned by the Hughsons and the negroes for what I should tell you. † (George Dewan) Mary Burton was immediately placed under protective custody. At this point the series of fire broke out. The city council began to entertain the possibility that the fires was actually the work of arsonists and that there is a slave conspiracy to overthrow the government. This was fueled when in one of the fires mentioned above, a black slave was seen running away from the fire and shouts of â€Å"The Negroes are Rising were heard† Mary Burton made the connection between the robbery and the arson when she testified before the jury that the slaves were plotting to burn the city and massacre the whites. `In their common conversations they used to say that when all this was done, Caesar should be governor, and Hughson, my master, king,† (George Dewan) Because of this testimony, the Caesar was convicted and hanged. The same thing happened to Hughson and his wife though till the very last moment of their lives they denied their knowledge of and involvement in any slave conspiracy but admitted that they purchased stolen goods from the s laves. (John Morris) The arrests continued and several others were hanged without any direct evidence and purely on the basis of Mary Burton’s testimony. It bears stressing that her testimony was full of inconsistencies but despite this the jury gave credence to her. The trials and executions culminated in August of 1741 when John Ury was convicted. He was a schoolteacher who had a mastery of Latin. He was likewise arrested when Mary Burton suddenly remembered about him being one of the plotters to the conspiracy. But during the duration of the trial, Mary Burton made no mention of him. After the trial, Mary Burton got her reward from the city on Sept. 2, 1742. It totaled 100 pounds sterling, more than enough to pay for her freedom. By the end of the trials, 160 blacks and 21 whites had been arrested, 17 blacks were hanged and so were four whites, 13 African were burned at stake, and 72 blacks were banished from New York. (â€Å"The New York Slave Insurrection of 1741†) III. Conclusion Adopting the words of Thomas J. Davis, â€Å"New York's officials indulged themselves and the public in acting out their fears. They simply deceived themselves by systematizing real disorders into a single scheme where all the enemies of the English world suddenly surfaced. † I share the view of most historians on the issue of whether there was â€Å"The Slave Conspiracy of 1741† or â€Å"The Great Negro Plot. † I believe it did not exist. From the point of view of law, there is conspiracy when two or more persons come to an agreement regarding the commission of a crime and decide to commit it. In proving conspiracy, it is not necessary that there be a direct evidence of conspiracy or that proof of the agreement be produced. Conspiracy may be inferred from the acts of two or more persons when two or more persons proceed toward the accomplishment of the same objective, each doing his own act, so that their acts though seemingly independent were in fact connected showing a closeness of former association and concurrence of sentiment. In this case, the black slaves and some whites were being charged with conspiracy to burn the whites and overthrow the government. The evidence submitted was only the self-serving assertion of Mary Burton the indentured slave of Mr. Hughson who after the trial received 100 pounds sterling which was enough to buy her freedom and enjoy the rest of the money for herself. For one to be convicted of conspiracy there must be a showing that there a common purpose and design in pursuing the objective. The facts mentioned above however do not show that a conspiracy existed. There was no showing that the series of fires were intentionally committed for the purpose of overthrowing the go vernment. Reports of the owners of the houses burned even had a logical explanation as to why the fire happened contrary to the allegations that there was arson. There was likewise no showing that the series of fires was connected and that there is only one group responsible for it. Contrary to the testimony of Mary Burton, the evidence shows that the series of fires were accidental. Further there was likewise no showing that the burglary that happened in February 1741 was connected with the fires that happened a few weeks after. Ordinarily, a person who is about to die would admit the offense he had committed. Hughson however did not admit that he was part of the conspiracy though he admitted that he purchased stolen goods from slaves.

Mulai Periyar Dam

Mullaperiyar Dam or Mullai Periyar Damis a masonry gravity dam on the Periyar River in the Kerala state of India. It is located 881 m (2,890 ft) above mean sea level on the Cardamom Hills of the Western Ghats in Thekkady, Idukki District of Kerala, South India. It was constructed between 1887 and 1895 by the British Government to divert water eastwards to Madras Presidency area (the present-day Tamil Nadu). It has a height of 53.6 m (176 ft) from the foundation and length of 365.7 m (1,200 ft).The Periyar National Park in Thekkady is located around the dam's reservoir. The dam is located in Kerala on the river Periyar, but the dam is controlled and operated under a period lease by neighboring Tamil Nadu stateSupreme court judgment came in February 27 2006, allowing tamilnadu to raise the level of the dam to 152 feet after strengthening it. Responding to it, Mullaperiyar dam was declared an ‘endangered' scheduled dam by the Kerala GovernmentMullai Periyar Damafter a few minor ea rthquakes in 1979 in regions surrounding the dam, security issues were raised over its security. Since then, both the Kerala and TN governments have been at loggerheads over the security issue. Later, experts from Indian Institute of Technology also examined the dam, and mentioned that the dam will not withstand an earthquake. What does the TN government have to say about it?The TN government refutes allegations that age has withered the dam. There are arguments that if the world's oldest Kallanai dam (built in the second century AD) in Srirangam in Tiruchirapali district is still functional and continues to irrigate about 4,000 sqkm, why can't the Mullaperiyar be as well. So, where do the two governments stand?The Kerala government's contention is that in case the dam breaks, the three dams downstream — Idukki, Cheruthoni and Kolamavu – will not be able to withhold the pressure, which will put the lives of 3.5 million people in the state. On the other hand, the TN gov ernment maintains that if the Mullaperiyar is demolished, it will create water scarcity in five districts  of the state, leading to a draught in the region.

Australian women in WW2 essays

Australian women in WW2 essays The coming of World War II in 1939 saw almost 800 thousand Australian men and women leave the country serving the Australian Armed Forces. For the many women left behind this created vast opportunities for them to develop their economical and social status. Their patriotism was targeted in many areas, including paid work, romance and motherhood. They became highly independent parents and in the work force and many Australian women found romance in the visiting American soldiers. With hardly any men left in the country Australian women's patriotism was called upon, the work that they had traditionally done in the home was seen as unnecessary, and they were called upon to enter the 'real work force', or jobs that had previously been seen as men's work.. The government and private industry had realised the enormous potential of a mobilised work force of women. Many of the tasks undertaken by women initially caused surprise and some open debate, but it was not long before scenes of women working in factories and with heavy machinery ceased to be unusual. Women were encouraged to fill the gap that the men had left in the work force and enter areas of work including munitions, factory work and other auxiliary services. Many women undertook intensive training on machinery and production procedures to ensure the supply of products essential to Australia's war effort. Women working in the jobs classified as men's were receiving 90% of the male wage, while women who stayed in work that could not be left, like clothing and textiles remained at only 65% of the male wage. There was great concern about the introduction of women to the work force, particularly their suitability and whether or not they would maintain their femininity. There was also fears that women in uniform would develop lesbian tendencies and cause men to be obsolete. This, ofcourse, was untrue and it was also proven that women were just as worthy in the work place a ...

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco

Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco Francisco Franco, the Spanish dictator and general, was perhaps Europes most successful fascist leader because he actually managed to survive in power until his natural death. (Obviously, we use successfully without any value judgment, were not saying he was a good idea, just that he curiously managed not to get beaten on a continent which saw a vast war against people like him.) He came to rule Spain by leading the right-wing forces in the civil war, which he won with Hitler and Mussolinis help and came to cling on by surviving against many odds, despite the brutality and murder of his government.   Early Career of Francisco Franco Franco was born into a naval family on Dec. 4  1892. He wanted to be a sailor, but a reduction in admissions to the Spanish Naval Academy forced him to turn to the army, and he entered the Infantry Academy in 1907 aged 14. Upon completing this in 1910, he volunteered to go abroad and fight in Spanish Morocco and did so in 1912, soon winning a reputation for his ability, dedication, and care for his soldiers, but also one for brutality. By 1915 he was the youngest captain in the entire Spanish army. After recovering from a serious stomach wound he became second-in-command and then commander of the Spanish Foreign legion. By 1926 he was brigadier general and a national hero. Franco had not taken part in the coup of Primo de Rivera in 1923, but still became director of a new General Military Academy in 1928. However, this was dissolved following a revolution which expelled the monarchy and created the Spanish Second Republic. Franco, a monarchist, stayed largely quiet and loyal and was restored to command in 1932 - and promoted in 1933 - as a reward for not staging a right-wing coup. After being promoted to Major General in 1934 by a new rightist government, he savagely crushed a rebellion of miners. Many died, but he had raised his national reputation still further among the right, although the left hated him. In 1935 he became Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army and began to reforms. The Spanish Civil War As divisions between the left and the right in Spain grew, and as the country’s unity unraveled after a left-wing alliance won power in elections, Franco appealed for a state of emergency to be declared. He feared a communist takeover. Instead, Franco was sacked from the General Staff and sent to the Canary Islands, where the government hoped he was too far away to start a coup. They were wrong. He eventually decided to join the planned right-wing rebellion, delayed by his sometimes mocked caution, and on July 18,  1936, he telegraphed the news of a military rebellion from the Islands; this was followed by a rising on the mainland. He moved to Morocco, took control of the garrison army, and then landed it in Spain. After a march towards Madrid, Franco was chosen by the nationalist forces to be their head of state, due in part to his reputation, distance from political groups, the original figurehead had died, and partly because of his new hunger to lead. Franco’s nationalists, aided by German and Italian forces, fought a slow, careful war which was brutal and vicious. Franco wanted to do more than win, he wanted to ‘cleanse’ Spain of communism. Consequently, he led the right to complete victory in 1939, whereupon there was no reconciliation: he drafted laws making any support for the republic a crime. During this period his government emerged, a military dictatorship supported, but still separate and above, a political party which merged Fascists and Carlists. The skill he exhibited in forming and holding together this political union of right-wing groups, each with their own competing visions for post-war Spain, has been called ‘brilliant’. World War and Cold War The first real ‘peacetime’ test for Franco was the start of World War 2, in which Franco’s Spain initially lent towards the German-Italian Axis. However, Franco kept Spain out of the war, although this was less to do foresight, and more the result of Franco’s innate caution, Hitler’s rejection of Franco’s high demands, and a recognition that the Spanish military was in no position to fight. The allies, including the US and Britain, gave Spain just enough aid to keep them neutral. Consequently, his regime survived the collapse and total defeat of his old civil-wartime supporters. Initial post-war hostility from the western European powers, and the US – they viewed him as the last fascist dictator – was overcome and Spain was rehabilitated as an anti-communist ally in the Cold War. Dictatorship During the war, and during the early years of his dictatorship, Franco’s government executed tens of thousands of â€Å"rebels†, imprisoned a quarter of a million, and crushed local traditions, leaving little opposition. Yet his repression loosened slightly over time as his government continued into the 1960s and the country transformed culturally into a modern nation. Spain also grew economically, in contrast to the authoritarian governments of Eastern Europe, although all this progress was more due to a new generation of young thinkers and politicians than to Franco himself, who became increasingly distant from the real world. Franco also became increasingly viewed as above the actions and decisions of subordinates who took the blame went things went wrong and earned an international reputation for developing and surviving. Plans and Death In 1947 Franco had passed a referendum which effectively made Spain a monarchy headed by him for life, and in 1969 he announced his official successor: Prince Juan Carlos, eldest son of the leading claimant to the Spanish throne. Shortly before this, he had allowed limited elections to parliament, and in 1973 he resigned from some power, remaining as head of the state, military, and party. Having suffered from Parkinson’s for many years – he kept the condition secret - he died in 1975 following a protracted illness. Three years later Juan Carlos had peacefully reintroduced democracy; Spain had become a modern constitutional monarchy. Personality Franco was a serious character, even as a child, when his short stature and high pitched voice caused him to be bullied. He could be sentimental over trivial issues, but exhibited an icy coldness over anything serious, and appeared capable of removing himself from the reality of death. He despised communism and Freemasonry, which he feared would take over Spain and disliked both east and west Europe in the post-World War II world.

Entreprenuership and small firms. How useful are the concepts of Essay

Entreprenuership and small firms. How useful are the concepts of enterprise 'push' and 'pull' in explaining the factors - Essay Example In developing countries particularly, the economic conditions drive many individuals to become entrepreneurs so as to redefine their economic conditions. The research field of entrepreneurship has been considered to be the major target of the most diverse area of study as presented by the enlarged range of theories and approaches and the trend is developing at a faster rate which is grounded on innovation, risk taking and proactiveness. The field of entrepreneurship has continually experienced attention from scholars leading to various theoretical frameworks being developed; however, new theories that are in line with the contemporary issues in the globe need to be developed (Islam, 2012, p.67). The growth of the business is influenced by the pull and push factors of starting a business. Entrepreneurs who start up a business out of the pull factors, such as desire to expand, will see their businesses growing successfully. On the other hand, entrepreneurs who are compelled into busine ss by, say, unemployment, the situation will not experience much growth. It is important to determine the major factors that influence entrepreneurs and make them start businesses since every business calls for different strategies and drive (Deakins and Freel, 2012, p.32). The growth and success of a business establishment will depend on the commitment made by the entrepreneur which usually differs in accordance to the motivating factors. Individuals with expertise, creative ideas, innovation, and demographic characteristics, including age and education of an entrepreneur, will influence establishment and growth of an enterprise. Young, energetic and highly educated entrepreneurs are served with advanced high-tech and knowledge required in running a business. The study endeavored to identify the concepts of enterprise ‘push’ and ‘pull’ that play a significant role in explaining the factors that influence the decisions of individuals to become self-employed and/or start up a business. This will help in understanding the reasons that motivate to become entrepreneurs and establish business enterprises. The findings from case studies indicates that the need for higher social status, profitability nature of the business, self-employment, need to make money, business tradition of the family and knowledge as well as personal experience are considered to be the pull factors (European Commission, 2012, p.1). Whereas, lack of formal education, dissatisfaction in previous occupation, family pressure and unemployment issues are considered to be the major push factors. Research Questions This paper intends to answer a number of questions including: 1. What motivates individuals to be entrepreneurs or enter into self-employment amongst the gender? 2. Is there a positive correlation between pull and factors and entrepreneurship? 3. Is the decision of starting up a business affected by gender, age, education, risk, finance, information availability and complexities of the entrepreneurship process? 4. Are women and the minority group predisposed to a unique pursuit of self-employment? Main Body The forces that propel individuals to set-up businesses despite the personal, financial and social risks that are associated with new venture are diverse. Individuals will decide to engage in businesses out of several motivations, some of which are positive and others negative. The positive factor â€Å"pull† and the negative factors ‘

The Difference between Sexual Practice and Identity Essay

The Difference between Sexual Practice and Identity - Essay Example This has forced these plants to bring international economic activities into effect. Another characteristic that helps maquiladoras enforce the globalization of economy is their main function, which is assembling key components into final products. These products are then to be exported into foreign markets. Maquiladoras also encourage globalization of economy by widely negating capital investment, production services and upper management without the exaction of duties (global economy and trade thrive most in areas where duties and tariffs are either negated or minimized). How Maquiladoras affect women around the world Corey Mattson, Marie Ayer and Daniela Mijal Gerson maintain that maquiladoras have greatly affected women globally, and unfortunately, in a negative manner. This, they do by corroborating information that MADRE, MUIXIL, Barcenas Women’s Working Committee and the Information Women’s Human Rights Clinic has provided. Mattson, Ayer and Gerson point out that maquiladoras have promoted femicide, political discrimination and violence against women, and outright violations of human rights in the maquilas. Mattson, Ayer and Gerson maintain that in Guatemala, there are hundreds of cases of femicide that have materialized over a few years. These scholars point out that while men are killed in greater numbers, what makes women’s case unique is that their killing is more deliberate, calculated, despite ICCPR’s articles 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 16, 17, 19, 26 and 27 having proscribed such killings. Even after having passed domestic legislation to curtail the negative development, the government of Guatemala has not really been able to stop this vice (485). Mattson, Ayer and Gerson continue that femicide can be traced as far back as 36 years ago when the country slipped into internal conflict that has seen women being killed and raped as a way of destroying the enemy family structure, the community or even the whole country. They cite the Co mmission for Historical Clarification (CEH) to state that by 1994 alone, 9,411 women have been lost to gender based violence in the wake of the conflict. At the center of this conflict is the fight over state resources, including maquiladoras. That the government has a stake in the war is a matter that is clearly exemplified by the rampant impunity in Guatemala. From 2005 to 2007, only a meager 2% of 2,000 cases of femicide were prosecuted to their conclusive end. In the movie Maquilapolis, the mistreatment of women is equally bizarre within the confines of maquiladoras factories. Most employees are women who are paid less and work for long office hours. These women are for instance not allowed to visit washrooms or engage in communication, in order to keep production optimal. As a result, reports of nose bleeding and other conditions that are symptomatic of kidney problems remain popular among these female workers in maquiladoras. Q. 5. The Difference between Sexual Practice and Id entity Identity greatly affects sexual practices. This is because, cultural settings greatly molds human behavior, by the virtue of its moral power. Instead, morality has its essence seen in the prescription of behavior either being right or wrong, ethical or unethical, noble or ignoble. This therefore means that sexual and nonsexual practices are thoroughly defined as only being able to be carried within the parameters of the societal values and

The Two( Gloria Naylor) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Two( Gloria Naylor) - Essay Example Such perceptions of relationships between women may harm the traditional gender role of a woman in a society or it may harm the status of relationship between the women. The story revolves around the main characters of Lorraine and Theresa, who just moved in Brewster Place. Soon, the other people in the community discover their intimate relationship with each other which results in mass violence. Their relationship turns a new dimension when Lorraine is brutally raped by the some men from the community. Under this sudden trauma, she kills Ben, who protected the two women from the other men. Sophie plays a key role in igniting the flame of violence and spreading the rumors about the two women in the community. The entire story revolves around the intolerance developed by the society against these women and particularly about the sensitive subject of homosexuality. Some cultures take it as normal but it is not the case in American society. Homosexuality is considered as a Taboo in major parts of America. The chapter clearly represents the mental approach of people and their hostile attitude towards the women which nullifies the concept of freedom in a

Consumer Behaviour Double Jeopardy Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Double Jeopardy Essay The theory of Double Jeopardy is described as a behavioural phenomenon which relates to the size structure of a market (Bandyopadhyay, Gupta Dube 2005). This indicates that in any given time a smaller brand typically has fewer buyers compared to those of a larger brand as larger brands often have a higher percentage of penetration and market share (Ehrenberg, Goodhardt Barwise 1990). A brand with more market share indicates that consumers purchase these brands more frequently compared to other brands. There are a number of reasons why this occurs. For example firms offering products that a consumer perceives as better quality and value, will grow larger (Jacobson 1988). Also, a firm that creates power advantages by introducing inferior products which competitors cannot offer to customer’s also results in a higher market share. Careful analyses of all team members’ individual purchases over the tracking period, it can be noted that a large number of different brands were consumed. By viewing the Duplication of Purchases Table for fast food, out of all the 11 types of brands, McDonalds and Max Brennars were the most frequently purchased brands resulting in a higher percentage of penetration and market share compared to other brands. This is because McDonalds and Max Brennars have multiple locations within Australia which provides better access to customers, both brands participate in extensive television and both brands provide regular promotions in order to make customers more alert and aware. These facts all enforce the theory of the double jeopardy; larger brands have more buyers and have a higher market share. To review the occurrence of the Double Jeopardy effect, Ehrenberg et al. (1990) states that there exists two market level explanations. The first market level consists of the differences in consumer exposure to the market mix efforts (price, promotion, advertising, point of purchase display, discount) of a brand. If a brand has less consumer exposure, it is more likely to suffer (Ehrenberg et al. 990) because they have fewer buyers and lower repeat purchase. Looking at the DOP tables for fast food, TGI Friday’s and Koko Black displayed as the least frequently purchased brands. A reason why these two fast food outlets were the least purchased brands is because of their location as many customers may not have close access to it. Another reason is because there is not much advertising and promotion when compared to fast food outlets such as McDonalds and Max B rennars. The second market level relies on stochastic models of buying behaviour (Ehrenberg et al. 1990) which helps predict the Double Jeopardy trends for competitive brands. This is solely based on the heterogeneity in popularity such as the market share as earlier research shows that the average customer of smaller brands buys less, have lower favourable attitude and manifest lower loyalty than the average customer of larger brands (Ehrenberg et al. 1990).

Commanders of the Army of the Potomac :: Essays Papers

Commanders of the Army of the Potomac In his civil war book Commanders of the Army of the Potomac Warren Hassler Jr. fantastically recounts the events that transpired between 1861 to 1865 during which seven men were given the reigns of the North's Army of the Potomac and asked to lead the Union to victory. However, one of the greatest commanders in history stood in their way; Robert E. Lee, and each was pitted against this great general one by one and given the chance to make history. The first, Irvin McDowell was regarded in this book as a great soldier in his own right but a terrible leader who displayed visible gaps in his preparedness, in his tactics, and in his strategy. He was the first to take control of the northern army. Not much later towards the end of May of 1861 General Lee established a defensive hold along the small stream of Bull Run located in Manassas. During the Battle of Bull Run McDowell was crushed by Confederate generals Joseph E. Johnston and Pierre Beauregard due to weak planning and it be came apparent that this in fact would not be a short-lived war. Next up was the most popular and perhaps the greatest of the commanders, George B. McClellan. After the embarrassing defeats at Bull Run he masterfully regrouped and disciplined the AOP as he himself showed outstanding military presence and was constantly increasing his knowledge of offensive tactics. From spring of 1862 till July of that year General McClellan was successful in driving the Confederates out of West Virginia and he was inching toward the southern capitol of Richmond when General Jeb Stuart under Lee encircled and outmaneuvered McClellan's forces who were driven back and finally held at Malvern Hill during the Seven Days Battle. During this time period there was some shifting of control and the AOP was put into the arms of General John Pope. This book regards Pope as one of the most pathetic leaders of the Civil War as he screwed up and changed his ways during the second battle at Bull Run and sacri ficed his men uselessly. Meanwhile, McClellan blew an opportunity to catch the Confederates off balance after he learned of Lee's plans but stalled and hesitated for a day giving the southern reinforcements plenty of time to arrive and group together and the north escaped with a slight victory only after Lee decided it would be wise to withdraw his forces.

Purpose of satisfying the audience Essay

   On the other hand this is effective because it appeals to the audience and influences their views on Lohan, because it appeals to the audience making them envious of her. In the article from ‘Cosmopolitan’ Jennifer is more in control and has a more appropriate picture for her target audience which is women from 20-30 where as the picture from ‘sugar’ is suited for young adults from 13-17. The image of Jennifer is natural and has a sharp focus with a light background to make her stand out more. Jennifer looks like the glamorous one as she says that she no longer has to try hard to please others. This is because her hair is tied back just like herself tied away from the publicity. Her hair is tidy and neat like herself and it is unlike Lindsay’s hair. Lopez is also smiling at you being more welcoming and approachable whereas Lindsay looks rebellious and standoffish which gives â€Å"Cosmopolitan† readers a good impression. The article meets the purpose of entertaining the audience using imagery. The purpose of Lohan’s article is to introduce Lindsay and make the target audience who are teenagers, more drawn in and interested in Lindsay’s life t. The tag which is a piece of small text that tells you about the article, works in favour of promoting both celebrities. In Lindsay’s case; â€Å"†¦ an alleged love for booze and bad boys†¦ Lindsay’s not your average Hollywood A-lister†¦ â€Å". â€Å"Sugar† uses quick chatty informal language and the use of â€Å"booze† which is colloquial language. It also uses words like â€Å"nope† and â€Å"stuffin† helps to sell and promote her. When ‘sugar’ uses these types of phrases appeals to teenagers who tend to read quick easy and short texts. Whereas in Lopez’s article the use of formal words like â€Å"speculation† and â€Å"identifies† and longer sentences are appropriate to entertain and satisfy the audience which are adults. They are more effective to the target audience making them feel the magazine is made just for them, but advertising the celebrities at the same time. The articles are trying to publicize Jennifer and Lindsay by putting a positive light on them. Both the articles satisfy the audience because they tell you about an everyday situation and problem. For example the celebrity’s love life but it is more alluring because it is based and happening to a celebrity and it is easier to compare with our own lives. In Lindsay’s situation it’s all about her wanting a boyfriend, however in Lopez’s view it’s more about her former boyfriends and the fact that now she’s at the age where she doesn’t need men, which appeal to adults. The text is in favour of Lindsay, we can see this because the article talks about her life and the gossip talk that teenagers are interested in. â€Å"a reported fling with Fred durst (well who hasn’t? ) The article is talking about Lindsay’s relationship, they point the finger at Fred making it seem normal to go out with different boys, saying what Lindsay is doing is right. Which is a popular subject in teenage talk, appealing to the target audience? There is a great contradiction with her wanting to be normal. ‘Sugar’ says â€Å"Hollywood clones sport blonde hair, spray on tans and skinny bods†¦ And, well, normal figure† here sugar says that Lindsay stands out because she doesn’t look like other celebrities. She is no longer a red head or has a curvy figure but looks like a Hollywood clone. This is effective to the audience because the target audience are being entertained with this contradiction. She no longer stands out or is not normal in her figure and looks. The anchorage which is a small piece of text at the bottom of a page next to Lohan’s picture, gives an extra feature which supports the view of Lohan being important. â€Å"Apparently Colin Farrell turned down the lovely Lindsay when did he get so fussy† The anchorage is pointing the finger at Farrell, making him look bad but in my view it just makes Lindsay look more desperate and in need of promotion. Farrell is a celebrity known for his popularity for dating all girls. Whereas Jennifer Lopez doesn’t seem to need it, because she has so many years of experience in the celebrity light. The desperation of Lindsay Lohan is more apparent now because she looks like another Hollywood clone, she’s become skinny and blonde just like her friend Paris Hilton ( a popular super model) from looking healthy uniquely beautiful to skinny and blonde. In other words selling herself more then she needs to. She is contradicting herself because in the article when she’s asked about dieting she says â€Å"NO!†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ its sad how people have become so aware of how they look†, but now she’s completely changed herself. The two articles entertain, inform and sell the celebrities lives in a positive light and satisfy the audience using imagery and words appealing to the target audience. In Lohan’s case she is promoting herself to please her target audience using colloquial language and sorter text. Whereas in Lopez’s article, it refers to her love life and puts her in a positive light towards her target audience. Using longer words, formal language and text. The type of language and the length of the text suits and satisfies the different audiences.

Remember the Titans Essay

A scene in the film of which I thought it was strong was when the new coach takes the players into the woods for a run and they arrive at a sort of cemetery. He tells them about a lesson from the death; they have to come together, otherwise they will be destroyed. He tells them whether they like each other or not, they should respect each other. I really like this scene of the movie, first, because I think it takes place in a special surrounding. All the players are exhausted from the running and kind of impressed by the place. Second, I like this part because I like the message and the way the coach tries to create one team out of two groups. The third message I got from the video is the fact that sports brings people together. No matter what race, as friends in a team you can make it work. In the video the white boys and the African-American boys have each their own team with their own rituals. Along the road, their passion for football and their desire to win brings them together. They combine their habits and the difference in their cultural backgrounds gives them a special feeling of a united group and makes them stronger. Also in other situations can sports play an important factor, you can see it in the world with for example the Olympic Games, but also other major sports events. I think sports can unite individuals from different cultural backgrounds because the rules are the same in every culture and as people are playing, they do not necessarily have to speak the same language. So, if you put the messages all together, I would say that in my opinion the movie is a really good one. After watching it I realized even more that it is about personalities and characters instead of the way people look or the cultural background they are from. Although it can be hard for some individuals to act this way, for example because of pressure from their peers or because the way they are raised. I hope that for the future that every day more people will realize that it is not about the differences, but about the similarities.

Vicodin essays

Vicodin essays Hydrocodone otherwise known as vicodin is a tablet for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain. Vicodin may be habit forming. This medication should not be taken more that the prescribed amount. One of the two drugs in vicodin is Acetaminophen. This medication is taken daily by millions of people in our society. Acetaminophen is an over the counter drug known as Tylenol. Excessive use of Tylenol is extremely detrimental to the body. Most vicodin addicts take up to ten pills a day, so they are taking in way more Tylenol than needed. Tylenol has been noted to cause major liver damage and eventually liver failure. Once the liver failure has failed, death is next to come. That is one way that vicodin can slowly put someone to death. Some vicodin addicts have reached the point to take up to 100 pills a day. Over months of vicodin use, the vicodin effects will become greater and more damaging. At first, the user will endure such effects as constipation, speeding up or the slowing down of the heart rate, nausea, and dizziness. As the use grows, the vicodin effects will come in the form of blurred vision, hallucinations, and sever confusions. The last stages of vicodin addiction bring with it the two most detrimental vicodin effects known. These two stages are a coma and then death. This drug combination is in the Federal Drug Administration pregnancy category C. This means that its effects on an unborn baby are not known. Since the category is C, I could not really get that much information on vicodin. This drug will pass through into breast milk, which could harm a nursing infant, which could damage the helpless child. This medicine has a liquid called Lortab, which has alcohol and can harm a child. The systems of when you overdose me include: blood disorders, cyanotic skin color, cold clammy skin, increasing sedation progressing to unresponsiveness, diaphoresis, irregular heartbeat, decreased heart rate, weakness, low blood pre...

Household bleach Essays

Household bleach Essays Household bleach Essay Household bleach Essay Introduction Household Bleach is one of the most helpful tools in most American families. There are two chief categories of family bleach: Cl bleaches and non-chlorine bleaches. All of these bleaches are in a category of chemicals known as oxidative agents, intending that they cause a chemical reaction called oxidization when they come into contact with certain discolorations, certain sources or other beings, and sometimes clothing dyes. Bleach is a really utile chemical, both around the house and for big graduated table usage. You can utilize bleach to take discolorations on vesture or to whiten your wash. It s used to disinfect surfaces, excessively, particularly in the kitchen and bathroom. You may hold tried bleach to take cast and mold. Hospital forces use bleach as a germicide, hotels use bleach to clean and disinfect bed linens and surfaces, and eating houses disinfect nutrient readying surfaces with chlorine bleach. Peoples use Cl in swimming pools to maintain the H2O clean and raise the pH, and in much smaller concentrations to assist maintain municipal H2O supplies free of harmful beings. Companies sometimes add chlorine bleach to industrial effluent to cut down olfactory property, and Cl is used by the glass, chemical, pharmaceutical, fabric, agribusiness, pigment and paper industries. With its many utilizations, bleach its a really familiar merchandise to most people. While the word bleach entered the English linguistic communication around the twelvemonth 1050, bleach incorporating Na hypochlorite was foremost manufactured in the U.S. in 1913, for usage as an institutional germicide and a H2O intervention. Before that, chemicals such as borax, ammonium hydroxide and lye were the most common bleaches in the U.S. , and bleaches made utilizing Cl were by and large excessively expensive to fabricate until the twentieth century. Clorox Chemical, subsequently called the Clorox Company, foremost gave samples of bleach to consumers for family usage in 1922 [ beginnin g: American Chemistry Council ] . Since Cl bleach was faster and more effectual than the bleaches people had been utilizing, it rapidly became the most popular family bleach. Today, when we say, bleach, we normally mean chlorine bleach. So what precisely is chlorine bleach, and how does it work? Worlds have been whitening cloths for centuries ; ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans faded stuffs. Equally early as 300 B.C. , sodium carbonate ash, prepared from burned seaweed, was used to clean and whiten fabric. During the Middle Ages, the Dutch perfected the bleaching of cloths in a procedure called crofting, whereby cloths were spread out in big Fieldss for maximal sunlight exposure. Textile Millss as far off as Scotland shipped their stuff to the Netherlands for this bleaching. The pattern rapidly spread throughout Europe, and decoloring Fieldss were documented in Great Britain every bit early as 1322. In 1728 a bleaching company utilizing Dutch methods went into concern in Gallo way, Scotland. In this procedure, the cloths were soaked in a lye solution for several yearss, so bucked, or washed clean. The cloths were so spread out on the grass for hebdomads at a clip. This procedure was repeated five or six times until the coveted whiteness was achieved. Following, the cloth was treated with rancid milk or buttermilk, and once more bucked and crofted. This method was drawn-out and boring, and it monopolized big piece of lands of land that could hold been used for agriculture. Late in the eighteenth century, scientists discovered a chemical that had the same consequence as crofting, but yielded much quicker consequences. In 1774, Swedish chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovered the chemical component Cl, a extremely annoying, green-yellowish gaseous halogen. In 1785, the Gallic scientist Claude Berthollet found that Cl was an first-class lightening agent in cloths. Some factory operators attempted to expose their cloths to chlorine gas, but the procedure was so cumbrous and the exhausts so strong that these efforts were shortly abandoned. Near Paris, in the town of Javel, Berthollet began a little installation for the industry of a new merchandise called Eau de Javelle. The bleaching pulverization consisted of potassium hydroxide ( soda ash ) which had absorbed Cl gas. In 1799, another decoloring pulverization was invented by Scots chemist Charles Tennant. In the early old ages of the Industrial Revolution, his patented calcium hydroxide pulverization was widely used to whiten a assortment of cloths and paper merchandises. To do the bleaching pulverization, slaked calcium hydroxide ( lime treated with H2O ) was spread thinly over the concrete or lead floor of a big room. Chlorine gas was pumped into the room to be absorbed by the calcium hydroxide. Though an effectual bleaching agent, the pulverization was chemically unstable. It was The natural stuffs for doing household bleach are Cl, acerb sodium carbonate, and H2O. The Cl and acer b sodium carbonate are produced by seting direct current electricity through a Na chloride salt solution in a procedure called electrolysis. normally used until around World War I, when liquid Cl and Na hypochlorite solutions-the precursors of modern family bleach-were introduced. About this clip, research workers found that shooting salt H2O with electrical current broke down the salt ( sodium chloride ) molecules and produced a compound called Na hypochlorite. This find enabled the mass production of Na hypochlorite, or Cl, bleach. Types of Bleach Today, bleach is found in about every family. It whitens cloths and removes discolorations by a chemical reaction that breaks down the unsought colour into smaller atoms that can be easy removed by rinsing. The two types of family bleach are chlorine bleach and peroxide bleach. Peroxide bleach was introduced in the 1950s. Though it helps to take discolorations, particularly in higher wash temperatures, it will non decolor most coloured stuffs and does non weaken cloths, as does sodium hypochlorite bleach. Peroxide bleach does non disinfect and is normally added to laundry detergents which are advertised as color-safe. It besides has a longer shelf life than chlorine bleach. Peroxide bleach is more normally used in Europe, where rinsing machines are manufactured with interior heating spirals that can raise the H2O temperature to the boiling point. The more common signifier of family bleach in the U.S. is chlorine bleach. It is most effectual in taking discolorations and disinfecting c loths. Chlorine bleach is inexpensive to fabricate and effectual in both warm and hot wash temperatures. However, it has strong chemical belongingss which can weaken fabric fibres. The disinfecting belongingss of chlorine bleach can besides be utile outside the wash. Chlorine bleach disinfects imbibing H2O where groundwater taint has occurred, as it is a powerful disinfectant. It was foremost used to sanitise imbibing H2O in New York City s Croton Reservoir in 1895, and is approved by the authorities for sanitising equipment in the nutrient industry. In recent old ages, bleach has been promoted by community wellness militants as a low-priced method of disinfecting the acerate leafs of endovenous drug users. Natural Materials The natural stuffs for doing household bleach are Cl, acerb sodium carbonate, and H2O. The Cl and acerb sodium carbonate are produced by seting direct current electricity through a Na chloride salt solution in a procedure called electrolysis. Sodium chloride, common tabular array salt, comes from either mines or belowground Wellss. The salt is dissolved in hot H2O to organize a salt solution, which is so treated for drosss before it is reacted in the electrolytic cell. The Manufacturing Procedure Fixing the constituents 1 Acerb sodium carbonate is normally produced and shipped as a concentrated 50 % solution. At its finish, this concentrated solution is diluted with H2O to organize a new 25 % solution. 2 Heat is created when the H2O dilutes the strong acerb sodium carbonate solution. The diluted acerb sodium carbonate is cooled before it is reacted. The chemical reaction 3 Chlorine and the acerb sodium carbonate solution are reacted to organize Na hypochlorite bleach. This reaction can take topographic point in a batch of about 14,000 gallons or in a uninterrupted reactor. To make Na hypochlorite, liquid or gaseous Cl is circulated through the acerb sodium carbonate solution. The reaction of Cl and acerb sodium carbonate is basically instantaneous. Cooling and sublimating 4 The bleach solution is so cooled to assist forestall decomposition. 5 Often this cooled bleach is settled or filtered to take drosss that can discolor the bleach or catalyse its decomposition. Transporting 6 The finished Na hypochlorite bleach is shipped to a bottling works or bottled on-site. Household-strength bleach is typically 5.25 % Na hypochlorite in an aqueous solution. Quality Control In the bleach fabrication installation, the concluding Na hypochlorite solution is put through a series of filters to pull out any left-over drosss. It is besides tested to do certain that it contains precisely 5.25 % Na hypochlorite. Safety is a primary concern at fabrication workss because of the presence of volatile Cl gas. When the Cl is manufactured outside the reactor installation, it travels in liquid signifier in specially designed railway armored combat vehicle autos with dual walls that will non tear in the event of a derailment. On reaching at the works, the liquid Cl is pumped from the armored combat vehicle autos into keeping vat.. As a safety step, the armored combat vehicle autos have shutoff valves that work in concurrence with a Cl sensing system. In the event of a Cl leak, the sensing system triggers a device on the armored combat vehicle that automatically stops the transmittal of the liquid in 30 seconds. Inside the installation, Cl VATs are housed in an enclosed country called a auto barn. This enclosed room is equipped with air scrubbers to extinguish any at large Cl gas, which is harmful to worlds and the environment. The vacuum-like scrubber inhales any Cl gas from the enclosed country and injects it with acerb sodium carbonate. This turns it into bleach, which is incorporated into the fabrication procedure. Despite these safeguards, safety and fire drills are scheduled on a regular basis for works forces. Particular Considerations in Boxing Household Na hypochlorite bleach was introduced to Americans in 1909 and sold in steel containers, so in glass bottles. In the early 1960s, the debut of the plastic jug brought a cheaper, lighter, and nonbreakable packaging option. It reduced transit costs and protected the safety of workers involved in its transportation and handling. Additionally, the thick plastic did non allow ultraviolet visible radiation to make the bleach, which improved its chemical stableness and effectivity. In recent old ages, how-ever, plastic containers have become an environmental concern because of the clip it takes the stuff to break up in a landfill. Many companies that depend on plastic packaging, including bleach makers, have begun to cut down the sum of plastic in their packaging or to utilize recycled plastics. In the early 1990s, Clorox introduced post-consumer rosins ( PCR ) in its packaging. The newer bottles are a blend of virgin high-density polythene ( HDPE ) and 25 % recycled plastic, chie fly from clear milk jug-type bottles. Consumer Safety The bleach fabrication industry came under fire during the 1970s when the populace became concerned about the effects of family chemicals on personal wellness. Dioxin, a carcinogenic by-product of chemical fabrication, is frequently found in industrial merchandises used to decolor paper and wood. In its concluding bottled signifier, common Na hypochlorite bleach does non incorporate dioxins because Cl must be in a gaseous province for dioxins to be. However, Cl gas can organize when bleach comes into contact with acid, an ingredient in some toilet-bowl cleaners, and the labels on family bleach contain specific warnings against such combination. In add-on to the danger of dioxins, consumers have besides been concerned about the toxicity of Cl in Na hypochlorite bleach. However, the wash procedure deactivates the potentially toxic Cl and causes the formation of salt H2O. After the rinse H2O enters the H2O system through the family drain, municipal H2O filtration workss take the staying hints of Cl.